Fig. 1: Defining the equilibrium rise heights in rough capillary rise.
From: Rough capillary rise
a Archetypal simulated rise heights in a rough parallel plate setup, exhibiting capillary rise between the surfaces, a meniscus, and hemiwicking within the roughness. b Definition of the model geometric parameters. Shown are the rise heights of the: capillary rise C, meniscus M, hemiwicking H, centre of mass of hemiwicking liquid HCOM, and total liquid height T. Also shown are the length scales of the: average roughness depth δ, average distance between hemiwicking columns d, and average total plate separation D. The area above the meniscus in the capillary region is denoted aM. Precise descriptions of all parameters are given in the text. c Plot of all metastable, pinned states observed for the simulated system SQ1 (detailed in methods, Table 4), featuring square posts with water as the rising liquid, d/δ = 5.43, and contact angle θ = 58∘. The vertical scale shows the reduced energy variation (ΔG) when raising liquid from the reservoir to each unique pinned state, normalised against the energy of hemiwicking a single pitch length in the absence of gravity (ΔG1). The normalised rise heights in the capillary region and hemiwicking region are indicated on the horizontal axis and colour scale respectively. The magnified inset highlights the density of metastable states around the global minimum energy state (the equilibrium state), indicated by ‘*’.
