Fig. 3: Capillary rise against gravity between two rough plates of variable wetting parameter, S.
From: Rough capillary rise
a Comparison of the capillary rise heights between the: Dual-Rise Model, C, Jurin’s Law, CJ, and the apparent angle approximations, CW (Wenzel approximation) and CCB (Cassie-Baxter approximation), for the simulated square-pillared system SQ1 at a moderate value of the plate separation to roughness depth ratio (d/δ = 5.97). The rising liquid is water (λc = 2.7 mm), and we vary the substrate wettability S (normalised with respect to the liquid-gas interfacial tension γlg). The shaded region indicates the range of possible Wenzel capillary rise predictions when varying the plate separation, x, in Eq. (13). Error bars in the simulated data indicate the ± 1 post uncertainty. b Example equilibria at d/δ = 5.97 in region 3, S/γlg = − 0.66 (θ = 70°), and region 2, S/γlg = − 0.29 (θ = 45°). c Model comparison with the simulated system SQ1 at narrow plate separation (d/δ = 0.87). d Example equilibria at d/δ = 0.87 in region 3 at S/γlg = − 0.66 (θ = 70°), and S/γlg = −0.29 (θ = 45°).
