Fig. 5: The resulting constraints on the ALP-photon coupling constant gaγ for different ALP mass ma.
From: Detecting extragalactic axion-like dark matter with polarization measurements of fast radio bursts

The orange line represents the estimation from the standard deviation (SD) method. The purple solid line and red line correspond to the derived upper limits of gaγ for the cases of random α and fixed α = 1, respectively (see Equation (5)). The purple dot-dashed line represents future constraints from continued polarization observations of FRB 20220912A up to one year.