Fig. 3: The half-wave rectification of device 1 at 2 K and zero field.

a Half-wave rectification of Josephson diode effect (JDE). The green line in the top panel shows a square-wave current with an amplitude of 132 μA and a frequency of 0.1 Hz which is applied to device 1, and the blue line in the bottom panel is the voltage measured across the junction. The red dashed lines indicate the zero value. The voltage is approximately zero within the experimental resolution under the application of negative currents, yet develops a finite value when the current is switched to positive. b The durability test of JDE. The same square-wave current with a is applied more than 50,000 s consisting of 5000 continuous cycles, plotted with green line and the blue line is the junction voltage, showing no degradation of JDE. c Histograms of the measured voltage data in the 5000 continuous cycles of b.