Fig. 1: Fracture modes. | Communications Physics

Fig. 1: Fracture modes.

From: Principle of local symmetry in mixed-mode fracture

Fig. 1

The opening mode I (a), the deviation of fractures in mixed-mode I + II, where in-plane shear is applied to a planar fracture generated by the first mode (b), and the fracture fragmentation during mixed-mode I + III, where out-of-plane shear is superimposed on the opening mode (c). d Mixed-mode I + III fracture in a hydrogel, where the initial fracture tip/front becomes segmented into facets, which are tilted at an angle ϕ with respect to the parent planar crack.

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