Fig. 3: Sequence of fracture growth and tip/front analysis. | Communications Physics

Fig. 3: Sequence of fracture growth and tip/front analysis.

From: Principle of local symmetry in mixed-mode fracture

Fig. 3

a Sequence of tomograms showing initial flat fracture and subsequent mixed-mode fracture obtained by rotating the sample at an angle α = 30° (background in blue). The fracture expands through successive sample elongations. b 3d image of the fracture, where the color codes the mean curvature of the surface. c Frenet–Serret frame attached to the fracture tip/front. d Inset of a single facet, where the fracture tip/front is represented as a red 3d curve and the Frenet–Serret frame is depicted at a specific point along the tip/front. The Frenet–Serret frame (B, N, T) is given by the binormal B, normal N, and tangent T vectors.

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