Fig. 5: SNR and DQE.
a Measured Signal-to-Noise ratio for both iLGAD variations. The SNR is calculated for each single pixel and averaged. b Calculated Detective-Quantum-efficiency at zero spatial frequency as a function of photon energy. The reported DQE represents the fraction of incoming photons that can be counted; the threshold is considered set at 50% of the incoming photon energy for 800 eV and higher, and at SNR = 5 for lower energies. The ideal Counting Efficiency (CEideal) takes into account only the loss of counts due to charge-sharing, when the threshold is set at half of the incoming energy, considering an ideal QE and noise-less electronics. QELGAD is the measured Quantum Efficiency45. DQEideal is the product between CEideal and QELGAD, i.e., the ideal Detective Quantum efficiency achievable by an LGAD sensor, without losses due to the multiplication process and considering a noiseless electronics. In both plots, the error bars indicate the standard deviation of the pixel distribution. Additional details on the SNR estimation and DQE calculation can be found in the Supplementary Notes 1 and 2.
