Table 2 Resources required for the variational circuit for Gray encoding

From: Towards determining the (2+1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics running coupling with Monte Carlo and quantum computing methods

Resource estimation 3 × 3 OBC system

l

# Qubits

# CNOTs

CNOT depth

# Parameters

1

8

176

168

32

3

12

304

260

70

7

16

456

354

120

  1. In a pure gauge 3 × 3 OBC system, the four dynamical gauge fields can be simulated with the specified total number of qubits. Additionally, we quantify the total count of CNOT gates and the CNOT depth, representing the layers of CNOT gates in the circuit. The rightmost column displays the total number of parameters in the variational Ansatz.