Fig. 5: Fluorescence images of optical condensation of bacteria and nanoparticles. | Communications Physics

Fig. 5: Fluorescence images of optical condensation of bacteria and nanoparticles.

From: Highly efficient three-dimensional optical condensation of nano- and micro-particles using a gold-coated optical fibre module

Fig. 5

a, b Fluorescence images of E. coli (concentration: a 2.3 × 107 cells/mL, b 2.3 × 106 cells/mL) 60 s after laser irradiation of optical condensation with the optical fibre module and c nanoparticles (diameter: 100 nm, concentration: 4.55 × 1010 particles/mL) captured at 60 s after laser irradiation. Here, green fluorescent objects show E. coli in (a, b), 100 nm polystyrene particles in (c). White ellipses in (a–c) indicate assembly area. For clarity, brightness of (b) was increased by 4 times compared to the original image. The assembly efficiencies are a 7.3 ± 1.9%, b 10.2 ± 2.3%, and c 0.89 ± 0.5%, respectively (n  =  3 independent experiments). Scale bar is 75 μm.

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