Extended Data Fig. 1: Selection of colchicine doses for mouse treatment.

a, Dose translation from humans to animal studies based on clinical guidelines. The colchicine doses for mouse via the oral or i.p. routes were calculated according to the guidelines from the Food and Drug Administration and the European League Against Rheumatism, and were listed in the table. i.p., intraperitoneal. i.v., intravascular. b-f, Safety analysis of colchicine based on measurement of gut toxicity. Diarrhea is the dose-limiting toxicity in man. Mice received either vehicle, colchicine at 0.4 mg/kg, or 2.4 mg/kg. b, Intestines were harvested 6 hours after vehicle or colchicine treatment. Scale bars, 1 cm. c, The physiological severity score for diarrhea. d, Colchicine at 0.4 mg/kg did not affect the region of intestine with feces, but 2.4 mg/kg reduced it. Each dot represents one mouse. e, Detection of fecal water content by measuring weight of feces before and after drying. f, Colchicine at 0.4 mg/kg did not affect the fecal water content. Data are represented as mean ± s.d. Two-sided t-tests were used for statistical analysis. A single colchicine dose of 0.4mg/mg i.p. was used in all subsequent experiments unless otherwise indicated.