Extended Data Fig. 1: Hepatocyte exosomes from early stage obese mice improve cellular insulin sensitivity.
From: Hepatocyte-derived exosomes from early onset obese mice promote insulin sensitivity through miR-3075
The marker characteristics (a) and production (b) of exosomes (Exos) derived from lean, 4wk or 16wk HFD WT hepatocytes. c, The appearance of red fluorescence in key metabolic tissues of 12wk HFD WT mice after tail vein injection with PKH26-labeled 4wk HFD hepatocyte Exos. 4wk HFD hepatocyte Exos without PKH26 labeling were injected to evaluate the level of autofluorescence. d, Effect of empty liposome treatment on metabolic phenotypes of 16wks HFD/obese WT mice. e, Effect of hepatocyte Exos treatment on body weight. f, the population and activation status of adipose tissue macrophages by flow cytometry analysis. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM)=CD11b+F4/80+, M1 ATM=CD11c+CD206-, and M2 ATM=CD11c-CD206+. g, Effect of 4wk HFD Exos on proinflammatory cytokine abundance in epididymal fat of 18wk HFD mice by qPCR analysis. Effects of 4wk HFD Exos on glucose uptake of 3T3-L1 adipocytes (h), L6 myocytes (i), and glucose production of 12wk HFD/obese hepatocytes (j). k, The levels of insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, L6 myocytes, and obese hepatocytes. e-k, empty liposomes were used in the control groups. All experiments were repeated at least twice with similar results. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. n=7 (b), n=6 (d), n=5-10 (e), n=5 (f, h), n=3 (g), n=6 (i), n=8 (j) per group. Two-sided Student’s t-test.
