Extended Data Fig. 1: HFHSD remodels the intestinal mucosa and leads to obesity and prediabetes.
From: Diet-induced alteration of intestinal stem cell function underlies obesity and prediabetes in mice
a, Weekly assessment of body weight. n = 8 mice per group. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. of biologically independent samples. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison test. b–d, Analysis of fat (b) and lean mass (c) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and fat mass ratio (d). n = 3 mice per group. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m.. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student’s t-test. e, f, Assessment of small intestinal length (e, n = 10 mice per group) and weight (f, n = 8 mice versus 10 mice per group). Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. of biologically independent samples. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student’s t-test. g–m, Representative LSM images of duodenal sections depicting crypt-villus units (g) or crypt regions (k). Assessment of crypt and villus morphology in duodenal and ileal sections. Duodenum: h, j, l, m. Ileum: i, n = 8 mice versus 7 mice (h), n = 3 mice (i, j), n = 4 mice (l) and n = 8 mice (m) per group. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. of biologically independent samples. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student’s t-test. Scale bars, 75 µm (g), 25 µm (k). n–p, Cell number (n) and size (o) quantification in the crypts (n = 4 mice per group) and cell size quantification in the villi (p, n = 3 mice per group). Data are mean ± s.e.m. of biologically independent samples. q, Histological assessment of duodenal tissue sections by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Black square depicts an enlarged villus section. Black arrowheads indicate fat inclusions. Scale bar, 100 µm. n = 3 biologically independent CD and HFHSD samples. r, s, Assessment of glucose tolerance (r, n = 8 per group) by oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) and insulin secretion (s, n = 4 mice versus 5 mice per group) by insulin secretion test (IST). Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. of biologically independent samples. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparison test. t, u, Estimation of insulin resistance ((HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β). n = 6 mice per group. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. of biologically independent samples. Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed Student’s t-test.
