Extended Data Fig. 7: Graphical abstract illustrating how non-canonical glutamine transamination sustains efferocytosis in atherosclerotic plaques.

Glutaminase (GLS) 1 is upregulated upon reparative (IL-4 stimulation) or resolving (continued clearance of apoptotic cells) to convert glutamine to glutamate. Non-canonical glutamine transamination then acts through the aspartate-arginino-succinate (AAS) shunt to sustain redox buffering (NADPH generation to efficiently supply reduced glutathione GSSG) and fuel energy (i.e, ATP) production through efficient oxidative phosphorylation for cytoskeletal rearrangements.