Extended Data Fig. 7: Additional data from murine models.

a. Expression of phosphocreatine/creatine-related genes in mouse WAT was extracted from single-nucleus RNA sequencing data published by Sárvári et al³⁴. b-c. Wild-type male mice were fed chow (CD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 5 weeks. Effects on body weight (four mice/condition) (B) and pgWAT and iWAT weights (four mice for CD and eight mice for HFD) (C) were determined. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. **p = 0.0034 for pgWAT and 0.0016 for iWAT, respectively, ****p < 0.0001 by Student’s two-sided t-test. d. Same experimental setup as in panels B-C but displaying effects on glucose tolerance by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (four mice/group). The area under the curve (AUC) is displayed in the right panel. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. *p = 0.041 by Student’s two-sided t-test. e. Same experimental setup as in panels B-C but displaying effects on the expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory markers/factors in pgWAT (four mice for CD and eight mice for HFD). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. p = 0.049 for Ccl2, 0.002 for Adgre1 and 0.023 for Cd68, respectively by Student’s two-sided t-test. f. Representative immunofluorescence microphotographs of F4/80 (magenta) and Lens culinaris agglutinin (Lectin, gray) in pgWAT of HFD and CD mice. The number of F4/80⁺ cells was counted in 4 random fields (n = 4 mice/group). Scale bar=50 μm. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. **p = 0.0039, by Student’s two-sided t-test. g-j. Male mice on chow diet were injected intraperitoneally with PBS or phosphocreatine (3 mg/g) for seven days (n = 4 mice/group). Effects on body weight (G), pgWAT and iWAT weights (H) and circulating glucose (I) as well as insulin (J) levels were determined. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Abbreviations: AUC = area under the curve, CD = chow diet, Endo=endothelial, Epid=Edipidymal, FAP = fibro-adipogenic progenitor, HFD = high fat diet, Imm=immune, iWAT=inguinal WAT, MA = mature adipocytes, Meso=mesothelial, PCr=phosphocreatine, pgWAT=perigonadal WAT, Sper=spermatozoa.