Fig. 3: Hepatic senescence markers are associated with hepatic fibrosis.
From: BMP4 and Gremlin 1 regulate hepatic cell senescence during clinical progression of NAFLD/NASH
a, RT–qPCR analysis of hepatic fibrosis markers (TGFβ1, COL1A1 and αSMA) in lean individuals, patients with NAFLD and patients with NASH. b, Correlation comparisons between hepatic senescence markers and COL1A1 or αSMA mRNA levels. c, RT–qPCR analysis of hepatic BMP4 and GREM1 mRNA levels in lean individuals, patients with NAFLD and patients with NASH. d, RT–qPCR analysis of hepatic mRNA expression of BMP4 and GREM1 in lean (n = 12), obese (n = 24) and diabetic–obese (n = 22) individuals. e, Correlation between hepatic BMP4 and GREM1 mRNA levels. f, RT–qPCR analysis of hepatic ID1 and ID2 mRNA expression in lean individuals, patients with NAFLD and patients with NASH. g, RT–qPCR analysis of ID1, ID2 and ID3 mRNA levels in IHH cells including the effect of BMP4, in the presence or absence of GREM1, on expression of these genes (n = 4 biologically independent experiments). h, Correlation comparison between mRNA levels of hepatic GREM1 and senescence markers. Data were collected in lean participants (n = 11–12), patients with NAFLD (n = 17–22) and patients with NASH (n = 19–24). Associations were determined using Spearman correlation analysis. Values are mean ± s.e.m. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s test or Kruskal–Wallis with post hoc Dunn’s test.
