Fig. 3: Longitudinal metabolite pattern along the intestine of male SPF mice.
a–c, Example profiles of metabolites with differential concentration in the small intestinal content (a) and mucus (b), or in the luminal content or mucus of the large intestine (c). Lines with shaded areas indicate the moving average of the mean ± s.e.m. of concentration measurements from five male mice. Significantly different metabolite concentrations from one region in the small intestine compared with the neighbouring region are marked by asterisks (*P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01, ***P ≤ 0.001). Fructose intestinal content concentration in the duodenum versus jejunum: P = 0.0245; riboflavin intestinal content concentrations in the jejunum versus ileum: P = 0.0432; allantoin intestinal content concentrations in the jejunum versus ileum: P = 0.0220; guanine mucus concentrations in the duodenum versus jejunum: P = 0.0005; guanosine mucus concentrations in the duodenum versus jejunum: P = 0.0129; creatine mucus concentrations in the jejunum versus ileum: P = 0.0278. P values were calculated using a two-sided paired-sample Student’s t-test. Abbreviations: sto, stomach; duo, duodenum; jej, jejunum; ile, ileum; cec, caecum; and col, colon.
