Extended Data Fig. 1: Chronic stress induces depressive-like behaviors in mice.
From: Gut microbiome-derived ammonia modulates stress vulnerability in the host
a, Heat maps showed the time distribution of control, susceptible or resilient mice during target and no target stage of social behavior test. b, CSDS-exposed mice were separated into susceptible or resilient groups according to the social interaction ratio (n = 14 mice, Control vs Susceptible, P < 0.0001). c, Time in the interaction zone in the absence or presence of social target (n = 14 mice, Control vs Susceptible, P < 0.0001). d, Sucrose preference of adult control, susceptible or resilient mice after CSDS (n = 14 mice, Control vs Susceptible, P < 0.0001). e, Body weight change ratio of control and CSDS-exposed mice before and after CSDS (n = 13 mice). f, The amount of food consumption during 2 hours and 12 hours after CSDS (n = 11, 17 mice). g, Schematic of CUMS procedure and behavioral tests. h, Depressive-like behaviors in CUMS mice, as measured by the sucrose preference in SPT (left) and the immobility time in FST (right), n = 9 mice. For SPT, P < 0.0001; For FST, P < 0.0001. i, Schematic of CRS procedure and behavioral tests. j, Depressive-like behaviors in CRS mice, as measured by the sucrose preference in SPT (left) and the immobility time in FST (right), n = 8, 8 mice. For SPT, P = 0.0004; For FST, P = 0.0051. k, The levels of blood ammonia in the mice exposed to CUMS (left) and CRS (right). For CUMS, n = 7, 8 mice, P = 0.0105; For CRS, n = 11, 12 mice, P = 0.0173. Data are the mean ± s.e.m., *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Statistical differences were determined by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple-comparisons test (b-d) and two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test (e, f, h, j, k). The statistical details are provided in Supplementary Table 1.
