Fig. 2: Pyruvate is produced from alanine for MTM and LTM.
From: Glycolysis-derived alanine from glia fuels neuronal mitochondria for memory in Drosophila
a, Scheme of the three main pyruvate production routes. b, PFK KD in adult MB neurons did not affect memory after single-cycle training (n = 12 for all datasets except the tub-GAL80ts; VT30559-GAL4/+ control without cold shock (n = 11), F2,32 = 2.43, P = 0.10; after cold shock: n = 12, F2,33 = 21, P = 0.81) or spaced training (n = 10, F2,32 = 0.65, P = 0.53). c, LDH knockdown in adult MB neurons did not affect memory after single-cycle training (n = 11, F2,30 = 0.98, P = 0.39; after cold shock, n = 11, F2,30 = 0.75, P = 0.48) or after spaced training (n = 10, F2,27 = 0.25, P = 0.78). d, ALAT enzymatic activity in heads was decreased due to ubiquitous KD of ALAT, n = 8, t14 = 2.23, P = 0.04). e, ALAT KD in adult MB neurons impaired memory after single-cycle training (n = 12, F2,33 = 10.2, P = 0.00035) and spaced training (n = 11, F2,30 = 7.95, P = 0.002), but did not affect memory after single-cycle training followed by cold shock (n = 12, F2,33 = 0.41, P = 0.66) or massed training (n = 12, F2,33 = 0.012, P = 0.99). f, Immunohistochemistry of ALAT-HA brain (green) with pan-neuronal counterstaining (nc82, red) in the MB calyx region (dashed line). Scale bar, 20 µm. g, Single-cycle training elicited a faster pyruvate accumulation in MB neuron axons following sodium azide application (5 mM) compared to non-associative unpaired training (n = 11 (control); n = 10 (1×), t19 = 2.39, P = 0.027). This effect was impaired by ALAT KD in adult MB neurons (n = 10 (control); n = 11 (1×), t19 = 0.064, P = 0.95). All data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Asterisks (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; NS, not significant, P > 0.05) illustrate the significance level of a two-sided t-test or of the least significant pairwise comparison following one-way or two-way ANOVA.
