Extended Data Fig. 6: GPR81 ablation ameliorates lactate- or tumour-induced cachexia in mouse models.
From: Activation of GPR81 by lactate drives tumour-induced cachexia
a,b, Body weight (a) and body composition (b) of 7-week-old GPR81 knockout (GPR81-/-) mice and their wild type (WT) littermates (n = 12 for each group). c, d, Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (c) and statistic results of the distribution of adipocyte sizes (d) in the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) from WT and GPR81-/- mice 7 days after implanted with osmotic minipumps loaded with PBS or sodium L-lactate (n = 4 for each group). In panel c, the images of WT iWAT were the same as those in the Extended Data Fig. 5a, as they were from the same experiment. Scale bars, 100 μM. e, Representative western blots and statistic data showing UCP1 protein level in the iWAT from WT and GPR81-/- mice 7 days after implanted with osmotic minipumps loaded with PBS or sodium L-lactate (n = 5 for each group). f, g, The food intake (f, n = 5 for each group) and pH of blood (g, n = 10 for each group) in the mice implanted with lactate minipumps. h, Body weight of WT and GPR81-/- mice with orthotopic lung cancer (n = 5 for each group). i, j, The food intake (i, n = 5 for each group) and pH of blood (j, n = 7 for each group) of WT and GPR81-/- mice with LLC xenograft tumours. k, l, Tissue weights of iWAT, gonad white adipose tissue (gWAT), quadriceps (k) and body weight change (l) of WT and GPR81-/- mice xenoplanted with B16-F10 cells. (n = 5 for each group). m, n, Energy expenditure (EE) over 24 h (m) and regression-based analysis of total daily EE against body mass (n) of WT and GPR81-/- mice 24 days after xenoplanted with LLC cells subcutaneously. (Control, tumour-free mice; TB, mice xenograft with LLC cells; n = 12 for each group). All data are presented as the mean ± s.e.m. P values were determined by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test (a, b, h), two-way ANOVA (d), or one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (e-g, i-l), or ANCOVA (n).
