Extended Data Fig. 9: The arginine decarboxylase (ADC) inhibitor DFMA improves the DHEA-induced hyperandrogenic PCOS-like phenotype.
a, The relative abundance of B. vulgatus in the DHEA model. b, The concentration of agmatine in feces. c, The concentration of agmatine in intestinal epithelium. d, Expression levels of Fgf15 and Shp in intestinal epithelium. e, Levels of total GLP-1 in serum. f, Quantitative analysis of estrous cycles. g, Hematoxylin and eosin staining of representative ovaries. The corpora lutea are indicated by * and the cystic follicle is indicated by #. Scale bar, 200 μm. h, Quantitative analysis of corpora lutea. i, Quantitative analysis of cystic follicles. j, Levels of testosterone in serum. k, Levels of LH in serum. l, Glucose tolerance test (GTT) (15min: ***P = 0.000026, ##P = 0.0034; 30min: ***P = 0.0002, #P = 0.0103; 60min: *P = 0.0297; * compared with the vehicle group, # compared with the DHEA group.). m, Area under the curve (AUC) of GTT. n, Insulin tolerance test (ITT) (15min: **P = 0.0048; 30min: *P = 0.0214; * compared with the vehicle group). o, The levels of fasting glucose in serum. p, The level of insulin in serum. q, HOMA-IR. r, Expression levels of Ucp1, Pgc1a, Cited1, Cox8b, Nr2f6, Prdm16 in the subcutaneous fat. s, Expression levels of Ucp1, Pgc1a, Cited1, Cox8b in the brown adipose tissue. t, Expression levels of Il-8, Il-6, Il-1β, Il-18, Ifng, Ccl20, Ccl2, in the ovaries. All data are presented as the mean ± s.e.m. (a-f, j-t) n = 6/group. (h, i) n = 5/group. In a, the P values were determined by two-tailed Student’s t-test. The P values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test in c, h-j, l, m, o, q, one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s T3 test in b and one-way ANOVA with LSD test in k, n. In d-f, p, r-t the P values were determined by Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test.
