Extended Data Fig. 1: Bv-Δbsh colonization leads to a PCOS-like phenotype in mice without affecting the bile acid profile.

a, DNA gel electrophoresis experiment to verify the knockout of Bv-Δ1032, Bv-Δ2699, and Bv-Δ3993 in B. vulgatus. b, Growth curve of wild type B. vulgatus (Bv) and Bv-Δ2699 (Bv-Δbsh) in BHI medium. c-l, SPF mice were gavaged with wild type B. vulgatus (Bv), BVU2699-knockout B. vulgatus (Bv-Δbsh), or PBS (Vehicle) for three weeks. c, Colonization of Bv and Bv-Δbsh in mice. d, The total bile acid profile of serum. e, The content of UDCA in feces. f, The content of UDCA in serum. g, The levels of IL-22 in serum. h, Quantitative analysis of cystic follicles in the ovaries. i, Area under the curve (AUC) of GTT. j, The levels of fasting glucose in serum. k, The levels of insulin in serum. l, HOMA-IR. All data are presented as the mean ± s.e.m. (b-g, i-l) n = 6/group; h, n = 5/group. In c, the P values were determined by Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test. The P values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test in e, i, j, and one-way ANOVA with LSD test in f-h, k, l.