Extended Data Fig. 2: Exercise during the Early Active Phase Can Robustly Expedite Bone Growth in Female mice.
From: Time of exercise differentially impacts bone growth in mice
a, Scheme of exercise applied in this study. The female mice were subjected to treadmill running following a 5-day per week acclimatization protocol at ZT1, ZT5, ZT9, ZT13, ZT17, and ZT21, respectively. b, Three-dimensional visualization of femora from micro-CT images of sedentary and exercise mice at ZT1, ZT5, ZT9, ZT13, ZT17, and ZT21. The red boxes indicate the levels of cartilaginous osteogenesis tissues. c, Micro-CT analysis of the total length, bone volume / total volume (BV/TV), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) of femora (n = 5). d, Representative images of S-O staining of the distal femora in sedentary and exercise mice. Scale bar, 50 μm. e–h, The height of proliferation zone (PZ), hypertrophic zone (HZ), and chondrocyte number per column in the PZ and HZ of growth plate cartilages (n = 3 biologically independent experiments). i, j, EdU staining analysis of proliferating cells in PZ from the growth plate cartilages. Arrowheads indicate EdU+ cells (n = 3). Scale bar, 50 μm. It is the growth plate cartilages between the white lines. k, Images of calcein double labeling of the femoral metaphyseal cancellous bones of sedentary and exercise mice. Scale bar, 100 μm. l, Quantification of mineralization apposition rate (MAR) of the femoral metaphyseal cancellous bones (n = 3 biologically independent experiments). The white line is the calcein deposit of the first injection, and the red line is the second injection. c, e-h, j, l, Data were presented as mean ± SD and analyzed using one-way ANOVA with the Tukey multiple comparisons test.
