Extended Data Fig. 2: Effect of prolonged protein-restricted diet on hormones regulating energy expenditure and amino acid balance.
(a) Illustration of study 2 and 3 in human participants ingesting a eucaloric low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) or low-protein, high-fat (LPHF) diet for 5 weeks followed by another 5 weeks on a eucaloric habitual higher protein diet (HPD). (b, c) Fasting plasma noradrenaline, and (d, e) T3 levels during the LPHC, LPHF and HPD interventions. (f) Fasting plasma glucagon levels during the LPHC and HPD interventions. (g, h) Fasting plasma total amino acids levels during the LPHC and HPD interventions. (i, j) fasting plasma urea levels during the LPHC, LPHF, and HPD interventions. (k) RER before LPHC, after LPHC and after HPD, (l) RER before LPHF, after LPHF and after HPD. Repeated measures one-way ANOVA/mixed-effects model with Bonferroni post hoc test to test for differences from week 0. Data are presented as means ± SEM. In b, d, f, g, i, k: n = 8 and in c, e, h, j, l: n = 6.
