Fig. 5: 4HPAA and 3HPP target the intestine to maximize anti-obesity effects.
a, Schematic illustration of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 4HPAA or 3HPP in an HFD mouse model. b,c, ND- or HFD-fed mice were injected intraperitoneally with saline, 4HPAA or 3HPP twice per week for 12 weeks. The box and whisker plots show the body weight gain (b) and fat percentage (c) of these mice. Box plots as in Fig. 2. d, Representative images of H&E-stained liver sections from ND- or HFD-fed mice injected intraperitoneally with saline, 4HPAA or 3HPP after 12 weeks. Scale bar, 100 μm. e, Histological fatty liver scores of mice in d. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. In b–e, n = 5 mice per group. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test. Experiments were independently repeated twice, with similar results.
