Extended Data Fig. 6: Fertilization in cold season increases total energy expenditure (TEE) in free-living condition, independently of FFM and physical activity.
From: Pre-fertilization-origin preservation of brown fat-mediated energy expenditure in humans
(a) Participant profile, physical activity, and TEE of the warm birth (n = 22) and cold birth groups (n = 19) and the warm fertilization (n = 20) and cold fertilization groups (n = 21) in Cohort 5. (b) Correlations of daily TEE measured by the DLW method with age and anthropometric parameters. (c) Multivariate regression analysis for predicting daily TEE (n = 41, model 1, R2 = 0.794, P < 0.001). The TEE as dependent variable. Age, height, weight, FFM, fat mass, step count, physical activity level as independent variables. (d) Normalized daily TEE. Residual EE in multivariate regression model 1 in c was calculated for each subject as body size- and physical activity-independent TEE. Warm birth (n = 22); cold birth (n = 19); warm fertilization (n = 20); cold fertilization (n = 21). (e) A disaggregated analysis of TEE adjusted for FFM and step count for sex. Left: male, n = 19. Right: female, n = 22. (a-e) Biologically independent samples. (a, d, e) Data are mean ± s.e.m.; two- (a, d) or one-tailed (e) P values by unpaired Student’s t-test. Percentage of sex: one-tailed P values by Fisher’s exact test. (b) Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and two-tailed P values. (c) Unstandardized β with 95% CIs as error bars, standardized β, and two-tailed P values by multivariate regression analysis with backward stepwise method (model 1).
