Extended Data Fig. 1: Effects of seasons of birth and fertilization on anthropometric parameters in young male volunteers.
From: Pre-fertilization-origin preservation of brown fat-mediated energy expenditure in humans
(a) Participant profiles in the high (n = 259) and low (n = 97) BAT groups of Cohort 1. BAT activity was evaluated as SUV of FDG assessed by the FDG-PET/CT examination combined with acute cold exposure. Number of males/females in parentheses. (b) Climatological annual cycle of outdoor temperature in northern (Sapporo, latitude 43˚N), eastern (Tokyo, 36˚N), and western areas (Kagoshima, 31˚N) of Japan. Daily mean outdoor temperature for 11 years (2010–2020) was obtained from the JMA database and 11-day moving average was calculated for each calendar day. For the sake of simplicity, the year was divided into the cold season (January 1st – April 15th, and October 17th – December 31st) and warm season (April 16th – October 16th). (c) Participant profiles of the warm (n = 188) and cold (n = 168) birth groups and the warm (n = 159) and cold (n = 197) fertilization groups in Cohort 1. (d) A plot of the place of birth/fertilization of the participants of Cohort 1 who completed the birthplace survey (n = 237). The pie chart represents distribution of the participants to the eight major regions of Japan. (a, c, d) Biologically independent samples. Data are mean ± s.e.m.; two-tailed P values by unpaired Student’s t-test.
