Extended Data Fig. 3: Fertilization in cold season does not correlate with [total Hb] concentration in the abdominal WAT and deltoid skeletal muscle in male and female adults.

(a) Participant profiles of Cohort 2. BAT-d was evaluated using NIR-TRS. Participants were divided into two groups: high and low BAT-d groups. All participants: n = 286 except visceral fat area (n = 264), systolic (SBP, n = 282), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, n = 282). High BAT-d: n = 143 except visceral fat area (n = 124), SBP (n = 140), and DBP (n = 140). Low BAT: n = 143 except visceral fat area (n = 140), SBP (n = 142), and DBP (n = 142). Number of males/females shown in parentheses. (b) Participant profiles of the warm (n = 144) and cold (n = 142) birth groups and the warm (n = 153) and cold (n = 133) fertilization groups in Cohort 2. (c) Fluctuation of the percentage of participants with high BAT-d by month of birth. Number of participants with high and low BAT-d are indicated on the graph. (d) Fluctuation of the percentage of participants with high BAT-d by month of fertilization. Number of participants with high and low BAT-d are indicated on the graph. (e) Total haemoglobin concentration, [total Hb], in the abdominal subcutaneous white adipose tissue: Comparisons between the warm (n = 136) and cold (n = 138) birth groups and between the warm (n = 147) and cold (n = 127) fertilization groups. (f) The [total Hb] in the deltoid skeletal muscle: Comparisons between the warm birth (n = 79) and cold birth (n = 77) groups and between the warm fertilization (n = 86) and cold fertilization (n = 70) groups. (g) A disaggregated analysis of BAT-d at the supraclavicular region for sex. Left: male, n = 108. Right: female, n = 178. (a-g) Biologically independent participants. Data are mean ± s.e.m.; two-tailed P values (a, b, e, f) or one-tailed P values (g) by unpaired Student’s t-test. Percentage of sex in (a, b); one-tailed P values by Fisher’s exact test.

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