Fig. 2: Adipocyte ATGL is critical for adrenergic-induced GDF15 secretion from the SVF.
a–g, gWAT Atgl expression (a), serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) (b), gWAT Atf4 expression (c), gWAT Chop expression (d), gWAT Ppargc1a expression (e), gWAT phosphorylated PKA substrates with a representative Western blot image (f) and gWAT Gdf15 expression in AdATGLflox/flox (saline n = 5, CL n = 7) and AdATGL−/− (saline n = 7, CL n = 6) mice (g). Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. with P values calculated using a two-way ANOVA with post hoc testing and Tukey’s correction. h, Circulating GDF15 levels in AdATGLflox/flox (saline n = 5, CL n = 7) and AdATGL−/− (saline n = 7, CL n = 6) mice. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. with P values calculated using a two-way ANOVA with post hoc testing and Tukey’s correction. i, Top: serum GDF15 after 1 h of CL and cilostamide cotreatment in mice (n = 6 per group). Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. with P values calculated using a two-way ANOVA with post hoc testing and Tukey’s correction. Bottom: schematic of the acute restraint test in AdATGLflox/flox and AdATGL−/− mice. j, Serum glycerol levels in AdATGLflox/flox mice (control n = 6, restraint n = 6) and AdATGL−/− mice (control n = 13, restraint n = 11) following restraint. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. with P values calculated using a two-way ANOVA with post hoc testing and Tukey’s correction. k, Left: serum GDF15 in AdATGLflox/flox mice (control n = 6, restraint n = 6) and AdATGL−/− mice (control n = 13, restraint n = 11). Right: graph showing the fold change. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. with P values calculated using a two-way ANOVA (left) and an unpaired two-tailed t test (right). l, Glycerol levels in medium from white adipocytes treated with CL and/or ATGListatin (n = 9 per group; individual data points from three independent experiments). Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. with P values calculated using a two-way ANOVA with post hoc testing and Tukey’s correction. m, GDF15 levels in medium from white adipocytes treated with CL and/or ATGListatin (n = 9 per group; individual data points from three independent experiments). Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. with P values calculated using a two-way ANOVA. n, Gdf15 expression in adipocytes and SVF from gWAT (n = 6) and iWAT (n = 5) of mice. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. with P values calculated using a two-way ANOVA. o, Gdf15 expression in adipocytes and SVF from gWAT 1 h after saline (n = 7) or adrenaline (n = 9) treatment. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. with P values calculated using a two-way ANOVA with post hoc testing and Tukey’s correction.
