Extended Data Fig. 6: Changes in cholesterol and other lipid species in serum and CSF during the chronic stage post-MCAO.

a, Principal coordinate analysis (PCA) of serum lipid profiles in sham-operated and 90-day post-MCAO mice reveals distinct clustering, indicating stroke-associated lipidomic alterations. b, Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis identifies dysregulated lipid metabolism pathways at day 90 post-MCAO compared to the sham controls. n = 9 mice for the sham group; n = 6 mice for the MCAO-90d group. c, Class scatter analysis illustrates distinct lipid profile clustering between sham and MCAO-90d groups, indicating stroke-induced lipidomic changes. n = 9 mice for the sham group; n = 6 mice for the MCAO-90d group. d, Cluster analysis of serum lipidomics in sham-operated and MCAO-90d mice, showing differential lipid composition between groups. n = 9 mice for the sham group; n = 6 mice for the MCAO-90d group. e, Heatmap analysis depicting the abundance levels of cholesterol esters (CEs) in sham vs MCAO-90d groups, demonstrating significant changes in CEs composition. n = 9 mice for the sham group; n = 6 mice for the MCAO-90d group. f, Cluster analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipidomics in sham and MCAO-90d groups, highlighting stroke-induced lipidomic alterations in CSF. n = 7 mice for the sham group; n = 8 mice for the MCAO-90d group. g, Violin plots demonstrate a significant elevation of various lipid species in the MCAO-90d group compared to the sham group, indicating persistent dysregulation of lipid metabolism. The center line indicates the median, the box bounds represent the interquartile range (IQR) from the 25th to the 75th percentile, and the whiskers extend to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5 times the IQR. n = 7 mice for the sham group; n = 8 mice for the MCAO-90d group. Statistical significance was determined using a one-sided hypergeometric test, and P-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons to generate q-values(b).