Fig. 5
From: Downscaling the sustainable development goals for the Arctic cities

Distinguishing statements of Factor 5 and across other factors. This radar chart illustrates the distinguishing statements for Factor 5, highlighting its unique perspectives relative to other factors. The chart maps three key statements: E7: Relying on imported products and global markets is more cost-effective for the Arctic, C7: Preserving and promoting cultural diversity and indigenous knowledge is crucial for social sustainability in the Arctic, and C6: Sustainable solutions should be incorporated into the daily lives of Arctic city residents. The contrasting peaks and troughs in the chart demonstrate how Factor 3 diverges from other factors, reinforcing its distinct perspective within the study. Factor 5 stands out by placing relatively more emphasis on E7 (reliance on imported products and global markets) with a Q-sort of 0, whereas all other factors assigned strongly negative values. In contrast, Factor 5 places limited importance on C7 (cultural diversity and indigenous knowledge), with a Q-sort of 0, making it the third lowest, following Factors 1 and 2, both of which ranked it at −2. Additionally, Factor 5 ranks C6 (integration of sustainable solutions into daily life) the lowest among all factors, with a Q-sort of −3.