Fig. 7: Polymer composite nanofibers.

a SEM images of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers before and after the addition of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and ZnO and (b) their colony counting tests toward E. coli and S. aureus. After the addition of HNTs-7 wt%, the E. coli and S. aureus reduction levels increased to 95.9% and 97.9%, respectively. c The filtration efficiency towards PM_2.5 increased after the addition of HNTs-7 wt% and ZnO from 89.78% to 92.10%. d Both membranes exhibit an ultra-low pressure drop of about 46 Pa. (reproduced with permission from,²⁸⁶ copyright (Elsevier B.V., 2022)).