Fig. 1: Concept of this work.

Schematic drawing of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with a picture of hybrid fullerene/Ce/Nafion PEM (right) and structural formulas of fullerene derivatives (left), PhOH-10, PhOH-10-OH, PhCOOH-5, and PhCOOH-5-OH with their radical scavenging mechanism.