Fig. 3: Metrics of polar amplification and land-sea warming contrast.
From: Paleoclimate data provide constraints on climate models' large-scale response to past CO2 changes
Site-specific metrics for a SST polar amplification (l,p,eΔPs) and b land–sea warming contrast (l,p,eΔLs), for last glacial maximum (LGM, l), mid-Pliocene Warm Period (MPWP, p), and early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO, e). Black circles and very likely ranges show the observed site-specific metric (s), dark grey circles show the model ensemble mean site-specific metric (large circles for CMIP6/PMIP4 and small circles for CMIP5/PMIP3), and light-grey/red/blue circles show the individual CMIP6/PMIP4 model site-specific metric. The EECO observed metric shown with an open circle and dotted error bar excludes SST data from the southwest Pacific. All metrics are calculated relative to the preindustrial. See Supplementary Information, Fig. S2, for a version that also includes the site-specific metrics.
