Table 1 Current and future predictions of TE speciation in surface seawater using RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 predictions (IPCC, 2019)*

From: Climate change driven effects on transport, fate and biogeochemistry of trace element contaminants in coastal marine ecosystems

Surface seawater conditions

t/°C

20.2

20.9

22.8

fCO2a

425

478

1000

pHFb

8.105

8.063

7.786

pHTc

8.012

7.968

7.686

[OH-]d

1.91

1.84

1.13

[CO32-]d

75

70.4

42.4

DICd

2065

2081

2189

% free metal

Mn(II)

94

94

97

Fe(II)

28

29

40

Co(II)

90

90

94

Ni(II)

78

79

84

Cu(II)

7.5

8

13.2

Zn(II)

88

89

93

Cd(II)

100

100

100

Pb(II)

5

5.2

6.8

log10 [total / free]

Al(III)

8.5

8.4

7.6

Fe(III)

11.6

11.5

10.8

  1. *Calculations were performed with MarChemSpec 1.10172, assuming a practical salinity of 35, a seawater composition based on Millero et al. (2008)173, and a fixed alkalinity of 2300 µmol kg−1seawater.
  2. afCO2 in µatm.
  3. bpHF = -log10[H+] with concentration in mol kg−1seawater.
  4. cpHT = -log10([H+] + [HSO4-]) with concentrations in mol kg−1seawater.
  5. dconcentrations in µmol kg-1seawater.
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