Fig. 4: Estimated ΔNEE across northern forests (>30° N with forest coverage > 15%).

Maps of ΔNEE (between the periods 1951–1970 and 2001–2020) for seasonally uniform warming (same warming rate across all seasons) (a), for seasonally varying warming (b), for seasonally varying warming using young forests temperature sensitivities (c), and for seasonally varying warming considering stand age impacts on NEE temperature (d).