Fig. 4: Very rapid sea ice loss events occur in regions of strong pressure differences between cyclones and the Beaufort High.

a–d Locations of filtered VRILEs, computed with (ΔSIEbwfilt), and e, f June-August 1989–2023 composite tropopause potential temperature (colors) and sea level pressure (contours) standardized anomalies. Filtered VRILE locations in a, c are for June–August while b, d are for non June–August months for the years a, b 1989–1998 and c, d 2014–2023. VRILE locations are determined by the number of sea ice concentration loss objects at any 0.5° grid point. In (a–d), mean sea level pressure is shown by gray contours with a 1 hPa interval and thick (thin) cyan contours are the monthly median (maximum) of a, c June–August and b, d non June–August 1-year ice age extent from the a, b 1989–1998 median (maximum) and c, d 2014–2023 median (maximum) ice age extent. Composites in e, f are averaged relative to the e VRILE location and f closest Arctic cyclone with dashed (solid) contours indicating negative (positive) anomalies.