Fig. 4: Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of waterline anomaly changes during El Niño/La Niña relatively to ENSO neutral phases (1997–2022).
From: Waterline responses to climate forcing along the North American West Coast
Distributions of waterline anomaly change during ENSO neutral (gray), El Niño (red) and La Niña (blue) phases for (a–f) all seasons and (g–l) winters along each subregion and the whole NAWC. Waterline anomaly changes are computed at each transect by measuring the difference between the seasonally averaged waterline position anomaly of a given season and that of two seasons earlier. The SNR for El Niño and La Niña phases relatively to neutral ENSO-phases, and calculated as the differences of the median of the distribution of waterline anomaly change between El Niño (or La Niña) and neutral ENSO-phases, scaled by the standard deviation of neutral ENSO-phases (refer to Methods).
