Fig. 2: Time series of turbulence and surface conditions in the west Pine Island Trough.

Time series of (a) estimated turbulent dissipation rate ε and (b) estimated turbulent vertical heat flux Q at 300 m depth. Black and red lines indicate the daily and monthly smoothed results. c Time series of wind speed (black line) from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis Version 5 and sea ice concentration (blue line) from the NOAA/NSIDC Climate Data Record of Passive Microwave Sea Ice Concentration, Version 4, for the study region, marked in Fig. 1a.