Fig. 4: Essential role of CXCL12 secreted by p16h-sn stromal cells in bladder cancer progression.

a, Representative IHC images of bladder tissues from young female (7- to 12-week-old) p16-CreERT2 (left) or p16-CreERT2-DTR (right) mice transplanted with MB49 cells (anti-CXCL12 antibody staining). Low-magnification image scale bar, 1 mm; high-magnification image scale bar, 200 μm. b, Percentage of CXCL12 expression values quantified in the samples described in a (p16-CreERT2, n = 11; p16-CreERT2-DTR, n = 14). c, Left: Representative IHC images of bladder tissues from young (7- to 12-week-old) female p16-CreERT2 (top) or p16-CreERT2-DTR (bottom) mice transplanted with MB49 cells (anti-MKI67 antibody staining). Scale bar, 100 μm. Right: Percentage of MKI67+ cells (p16-CreERT2, n = 4; p16-CreERT2-DTR, n = 3). d, Left: Representative IHC images of bladder tissues from young (7- to 12-week-old) female p16-CreERT2 (top) or p16-CreERT2-DTR (bottom) mice transplanted with MB49 cells (anti-CD31 antibody staining). Scale bar, 100 μm. Right: Percentage of the CD31+ area (p16-CreERT2, n = 5; p16-CreERT2-DTR, n = 3). e, Immunoblots using the indicated antibodies on sorted cancer cells from the indicated mouse groups. f, Quantified intensity ratio of pAKT/AKT in e (p16-CreERT2, n = 3; p16-CreERT2-DTR, n = 3). g, Images of bladders from young (7- to 12-week-old) female wild-type mice transplanted with the shControl or shCXCR4-1/CXCR7-1 MB49 cell line and treated with AMD3100 or vehicle (shControl, n = 10 (vehicle) and n = 9 (AMD3100); shCXCR4-1/CXCR7-1, n = 10 (vehicle) and n = 9 (AMD3100)). Scale bar, 1 cm. h, Weights of the bladder samples shown in g. A chi-squared test was performed for b. An unpaired t test was performed for c, d and f. One-way ANOVA with the Games–Howell test was performed for h. Data in c, d and f are presented as mean ± s.e.m. For all box plots, the horizontal line in the box indicates the median value. The lower and upper bounds correspond to the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively. The cross mark indicates the mean value. Whiskers extend to the maximum and minimum values, with points outside this range drawn individually. All t tests were two-sided.