Extended Data Fig. 1: The muscle mass and function of the Quadriceps significantly decline during the progression of OA in the affected joint.

(a) Characteristics of volunteer patients with OA in this study. (b) Representative WGA staining and quantitation results of Quadriceps from OA patients or control (n = 10). Scale Bar = 200 μm. (c) X-ray images of aging mice with severe unilateral OA. The contralateral and affected joints are magnified. (d) The representative Safranine O-Fast Green Staining images and OARSI scores of contralateral and affected joints were obtained from mice with spontaneous severe unilateral OA (n = 5). (e) Histological assessment and grading of cartilage degeneration in aged C57BL/6 mice (21 months old). (f) Illustration of force measurements and fatigue analysis. (g) Peak tetanic force of aged mice with severe unilateral OA (n = 5). (h) The representative Safranine O-Fast Green Staining images and OARSI scores of the joints from the mice with DMM or Sham surgery at different time points. (n = 10). (i) Mean food intake and mean body weight of mice at different time points after DMM or Sham surgery. (n = 5). (j) Peak tetanic force of mice after sham and DMM surgery (n = 4). Data are presented as mean±s.e.m. unless otherwise noted, all statistical tests were two-sided unless otherwise noted, and n represented biological replicates unless otherwise noted. Student’s t-test (b). Mann-Whitney U test (h). Wilcoxon signed-rank test (d). Two-way ANOVA (i). median (25% IQR, 75% IQR) (d, h).