Fig. 3: Heterogeneous associations between under-5 mortality and anomalous temperature, by different temperature zones.

The heterogeneous linear associations between U5M and temperature anomalies by different temperature zones are shown as points with 95%-CI error bars (n = 1,745,132 biologically independent samples for the multicenter design and n = 120,868 for the siblings-matched design). The nonlinear associations between U5M and temperature anomalies across long-term average temperature levels are shown as lines with 95%-CI error ribbons.