Fig. 5: iGN activates CD11c⁺ antigen-presenting cells via the TLR7–MYD88 signaling pathway.

a GSEA showing enrichment of genes related to the NF-κB signaling pathway (MM5039). b Immunoblot analysis of BMDC lysates stimulated with 1V209–αMan–GNPs for 0, 15, 30, and 60 min. Blots were probed with antibodies against the indicated proteins. c BMDCs were incubated with Alexa633–1V209–αMan–GNPs for 15 min, 2 h, or 18 h, followed by live imaging using Lysotracker and Hoechst. Arrowheads indicate BMDCs displaying GNP accumulation in lysosomes. Scale bars, 5 μm. d BMDCs derived from Myd88^F/F mice (control) or Cd11c-Cre/Myd88^F/F (Myd88^ΔCD11c) mice were stimulated with 1V209–αMan–GNPs, and then subjected to reverse transcription and quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis for Il1b, Il6, Il12a, and Ccl3. Gene expression was normalized to that of Actb mRNA and displayed relative to GNP-stimulated control BMDCs. Data are presented as means ± SEM; n = 3 biologically independent samples per group. ns, not significant (p > 0.05), *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, One-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. nd, not detected. e Control mice or Myd88^ΔCD11c mice were immunized with either PBS or iGN, followed by in vivo cytotoxicity assay. Schematic representation of the experimental protocol is shown in the gray box. Data are presented as means ± SEM; n = 10 mice were used for PBS in control, iGN in control, and iGN in Myd88^ΔCD11c groups; n = 9 mice for PBS in Myd88^ΔCD11c group. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, One-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test.