Fig. 4: Temporal changes in AMR. | Communications Medicine

Fig. 4: Temporal changes in AMR.

From: Global trends of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae from different host sources

Fig. 4

a Distribution of numbers of ARGs per genome in different sampling periods: b AMR scores in different sampling periods, calculated using Kleborate in different sampling periods. Before 2000 (n = 121), 2000s (n = 393), 2010s (n = 1959), and 2020 s (n = 336). The error bar represents the standard deviation. The error bar represents the standard deviation. The significance level was set at p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), or p < 0.001 (***). c Proportions of hypervirulent sequence types (hvSTs) and MDR STs in each sampling period (n = 2809). d Temporal changes in AMR genotypes. Different colors represent the different antimicrobial agents (n = 2809). AMR genotypes were annotated based on the NCBI Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance Reference Gene Database (BioProject ID: PRJNA313047). The values are presented in Supplementary Data 5. e Temporal variation in the prevalence and abundance of ARGs (n = 2809). The heatmap displays ARG prevalence (left blue) and ARG abundance within categories (right green), categorized by sampling period. Only ARGs with a prevalence exceeding 5% in any sampling group are shown. Colored bars indicate the predicted resistance phenotypes associated with the ARGs.

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