Fig. 1: Design blueprint for the difunctionalization of BCBs to access 1,1,3-trisubstituted and 1,1,3,3-tetrasubstituted cyclobutanes enabled by remote C–H activation.

a, Selected drug molecules containing 1,3-difunctionalized cyclobutane skeleton. b, Current strategies50,51,52,53,54 for the synthesis of highly functionalized cyclobutanes via strain release. c, Our hypothesis on the 1,3-difunctionalization of BCBs by remote C−H activation to access valuable 1,1,3-trisubstituted and 1,1,3,3-tetrasubstituted cyclobutanes via a Ru-XAT process. Ar, aryl.; Het, heteroarenes.