Extended Data Fig. 1: Upregulation of CD82 expression in inflammation.
(a) GSE159585 analysis of lung biopsies from Covid-19 patients and controls. UMAP visualization of all cell clusters profiled and CD82 gene expression in human lung tissues from GSE159585 (left panel). Levels of CD82 mRNA (Transcripts per million, TPM) are presented as mean±SD (right panel). (b) Increased expression of CD82 in the pulmonary endothelium of COPD patients. Immunohistochemistry of CD82 was examined in lung sections of COPD patients and controls. Arrows indicate CD82 staining in endothelia. (c) Increased CD82 expression in the endothelia within atherosclerosis lesions. Mouse aortas were harvested from wild-type (WT) and ApoE−/− mice on C57BL/6 background for CD82 immunohistochemical staining. Dashed areas are atherosclerotic lesions. Black arrows show aortic endothelium in non-lesion regions, while red arrows indicate endothelium from lesion areas. (d) From GEO database, analysis on GSE2372 for CD82 expression in the aortas from WT and ApoE−/− mouse lines on C57BL/6 background (mean±SD; n=3 mice per group). (e) Upregulation of CD82 expression in endothelia in LPS-induced lung inflammation. Pulmonary tissues were harvested from C57BL/6 mice with or without LPS challenge (5mg/kg, i.p.) for CD82 immunohistochemical staining. Arrows show endothelium of pulmonary vessels. (f) From GEO database, the GSE2411 analysis on the lungs from C57BL/6 mouse model of LPS-induced lung inflammation and injury (mean±SD; n=6 mice per group). (g) Effects of inflammatory stimuli on endothelial CD82 expression. CD82 mRNA and proteins from the MLECs treated with or without LPS (100 ng/mL) for 6 h and 24 h were examined with qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively (mean±SD; n=3 independent experiments) (left panel). HMECs were treated with LPS (100 ng/mL), TNF-α (10 ng/mL), or IL-4 (20 ng/mL) for 24 h and analyzed with Western blot for CD82 (middle panel). HUVECs were treated with VEGF-A164 (50 ng/mL), LPS (100 ng/mL), TNF-α (10 ng/mL), IL-1β (20 ng/mL), or IL-6 (20 ng/mL) for 48 h and then analyzed Western blot for CD82 (right panel). Relative levels of CD82 mRNA or protein were quantified (mean±SD; n=3 individual experiments).
