Fig. 1: Classification of revenue recycling scheme into seven categories for this analysis.

The category green spending captures all schemes that reference infrastructure, energy efficiency, research and development, and other types of environmental projects. Cash transfers – both uniform and targeted – refer to schemes that explicitly state a redistribution scheme to all or some portion of the population. Tax cuts refer to schemes whereby individual people would benefit, either through income or labour tax cuts, consumption tax cuts, or a tax rebate. Corporate tax cuts refer to tax cuts that benefit companies. Public finance refers to schemes that explicitly state that revenues would go towards a general government budget or explicitly to reduce government debt/budget deficit. The category miscellaneous refers to revenue recycling schemes that were presented as a combination of two categories, or that were did not fit the other categories.