Correction to: Communications Engineering https://doi.org/10.1038/s44172-025-00483-6, published online 16 August 2025

In the version of the article initially published, in the Author contributions section, the contribution of Hong-Hu Zhu was incomplete and has now been amended to “H.-H. Z. contributed to conceptualization, supervised the research, provided project administration and resources, and participated in manuscript review and editing” in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.