Fig. 1: Kinematics of deformation.
From: Unlocking holistic control of a phototropic liquid crystal polymer by global illumination
a Light actuation in the light-driven LCP material. b Schematic of the modeling approach of deformation with equivalent actuation units. c Schematic of the position-decoupled global illumination-based actuation. d Schematic of the influence of light angle in steady state deformation. e Snapshots, IR images, measured and modeled deformation, curvature, and temperature distributions of positive phototropism under 60° light angle. f Snapshots, IR images, measured and modeled deformation, curvature, and temperature distributions of negative phototropism under −60° light angle. g Schematic of shape convergence. h Schematic of photo-thermal-mechanical feedback loop and the PTM kinematic model of the steady state deformation. i Calibration of kc value. j Calibration of kT value. k Calibration of c value. l Calibration of kh value in heat up time region and m in cool down region. n Comparison of experimental and simulated transient temperature response based on the PTM model and calibrated value. All results were obtained from n = 3 repeated tests. The default light intensity, if not specified, is 256 mW/cm2. All scale bars are 5 mm.
