Extended Data Fig. 2: Funnel plots to evaluate publication bias.
From: A meta-analysis of loneliness and risk of dementia using longitudinal data from >600,000 individuals
The figure shows funnel plots for the meta-analysis concerning risk of dementia (panel a) and cognitive impairment (panel b). It represents log-transformed hazard ratios and standard errors used in R metafor to run the analysis. The close dots indicate the observed studies and the open dots indicate the missing studies imputed by the trill-and-fill method.
