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Rewards, risks and responsible deployment of artificial intelligence in water systems

Nature Water volume 1, pages 422–432 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly proposed to address deficiencies across water systems, which currently leave about 25% of the global population without clean water, about 50% without sanitation services and about 30% without hygiene facilities. AI is poised to enhance supply insights, catchment management and emergency response, improve treatment plant and distribution network design, operation and maintenance, and advance service availability, demand management and water justice. However, proliferation of this nascent technology could trigger serious and unexpected problems, including system-wide compromise owing to design errors, malfunction and cyberattacks as well as exposures to cascading socio-ecological, water–energy–food nexus and coupled critical infrastructure failures. In response, we make three recommendations for safe and responsible deployment of AI across potable water supply and sewage disposal systems: address gaps in foundational infrastructure and digital literacy; establish institutional, software and hardware mechanisms for trustworthy AI; and prioritize applications based on our proposed systematic benefit and risk assessment framework.

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Fig. 1: Example benefits of AI for solving problems across water systems.
Fig. 2: Example risks of AI across water systems that may lead to progress traps.

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Acknowledgements

This paper was made possible through the support of a grant from Templeton World Charity Foundation. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Templeton World Charity Foundation. We thank K. Atanasova for assistance with production of Figs. 1 and 2.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Catherine E. Richards, Asaf Tzachor & Shahar Avin

  2. Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Catherine E. Richards & Richard Fenner

  3. School of Sustainability, Reichman University (IDC Herzliya), Herzliya, Israel

    Asaf Tzachor

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C.E.R., A.T., S.A. and R.F. jointly developed and contributed to the writing of this paper.

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Richards, C.E., Tzachor, A., Avin, S. et al. Rewards, risks and responsible deployment of artificial intelligence in water systems. Nat Water 1, 422–432 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-023-00069-6

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